TerminalGreen

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Case Study: Toyota Logistics Services at the Port of Portland


LEED Perspectives

LEED Perspectives

Several LEED-endorsed strategies that can be applied to terminal development are outlined below.

HVAC&R

The refrigerants used in HVAC systems can deplete the earth’s ozone layer and contribute to global warming potential. Therefore it is important not to use Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in new HVAC equipment and phase out any CFCs from existing equipment. The use of natural refrigerants such as, water or carbon dioxide are alternatives to atmosphere degrading refrigerants such as CFCs, HFCs, and HCFCs. Better yet, the use of HVAC equipment can be minimized or even eliminated using passive design strategies, increasing building envelope efficiency, and turn lights off during the day.

High Solar Reflective Index (SRI) Pavements and Roofs

Solar Reflective Index (SRI) is the ability of a surface to reflect sunlight; black has an SRI of 0, meaning it doesn’t reflect any light, whereas white has an SRI of 100. Large expanses of pavement along with roof space of warehouses or administrative buildings make up the large majority of industrial distribution facilities. Dark colored pavement and roof space absorb the sun’s heat and contribute to the heat island effect. Changing the dark colored pavement and roof space to a shade of white will reflect the sun’s radiation rather than absorb it, reducing the heat island effect.

Rain Water Capture

Commonly rainwater is harvested directly from the roof of a building, truck canopy, or other large elevated surface. The rainwater captured from the roof is relatively clean; therefore no treatment is necessary unless the water is to be used in toilets in which case the only treatment required is sediment filtration and UV treatment. After basic filtration and treatment is completed the water can be stored in a large cistern either above or below ground. The captured water can then be used for washing cars, flush toilets, and irrigation. This strategy can reduce the quantity of storm water runoff as well as result in a monthly payback from reduced potable water usage.

Construction Waste Management

When new asphalt or paving is installed, the existing hardscape must be torn up and removed. Rather than disposing of the old asphalt, it can be grinded into a finer aggregate and utilized as the underlying aggregate bed for the new asphalt. Reusing construction waste products saves money, reduces demand for virgin materials, and diverts waste from landfills.

Open Grid Paving

Open grid paving is a method that allows for partial surface permeability through the creation of open space in the pavement that can be filled with either grass or gravel. Installing open grid paving is a strategy that can be utilized to reduce the heat island effect, decrease storm water runoff quantity, and allow for the recharge of ground water through natural infiltration.

Alternative Transportation

Purchasing fuel efficient fleet vehicles, implementing employee car share programs, and encouraging mass transit are all strategies that can reduce green house gas emissions associated with employee transportation. For example, The Port of Portland utilizes several hybrid models in their fleet of vehicles for employees to drive during the hours of operation.


Green Space

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Public Access

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Relay Rail Materials

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Zoned Pavements

Zoned Pavements

The wide varieties of transport vehicles, specialized trans-loading equipment, and cargoes each present different loadings on distribution terminal pavements. Technical studies often show pavement sections varying by three hundred percent between the lightest and heaviest requirements to meet design assumptions for single point, one time or repeat loading of these pavement systems.

Nevertheless, many terminal designs incorporate the heaviest indicated paving section on all operating areas throughout a facility. For example, many US automotive terminals provide paving that is suitable for heavy duty truck access throughout the entire facility, when over eighty percent of the terminal area is in fact used for light vehicle parking.

An effective solution is to design and construct zoned pavement sections based on the planned use of specific areas of the terminal. Planning a modern terminal in this manner requires a thorough understanding of the proposed operating flows of material, vehicles and personnel on the site. A thorough master plan also considers major changes that might occur within the planning horizon. This can include a more extensive but judicious use of heavy duty pavement sections. A pre-planned program to remove and replace the lightest sections in a future rehabilitation of the site can also be an effective design approach.

The use of zoned pavement can greatly reduce the quantity of needed pavement materials, saving energy and conserving the use of petroleum-based paving products. In addition, zoned pavement systems allow the type of paving material to be varied for each proposed use area. Employee parking and private vehicle driveways can be constructed with porous pavements, including vegetated blocks. Extensive light duty areas can likewise be constructed with porous asphalt pavement. Heavy duty zones can be constructed with impervious concrete pavement, offering improved strength and high surface reflectivity. The optimum combination will be a mix of sound master planning, technical studies of paving alternatives, lowest cost and enhanced environmental goals for the project.